![]() Specifically, these systems inherited a long-time interval between eating event and recall. With some of its methodological elements, these systems inherit its limitations, including errors related to human memory. However, Web-based dietary assessment surveys mostly implement an interviewer-led multiple-pass 24-hour recall procedure. Individual interviews in such a system are replaced with a Web-based survey, where thousands of respondents can record and submit their dietary recalls remotely. The emergence of dietary assessment systems that automate the 24-hour recall method offers a multitude of benefits, including cost-efficiency and scalability. Especially, if the meal was not cooked by the respondent, they can easily misreport its ingredients. In addition, misreporting may occur when respondents are asked about specific details of recipes used for cooking of the reported foods. The serving size that a respondent remembers that they ate, the portion size consumed in reality, and the portion size presented in the photograph may be different. Memory errors may also reduce the accuracy of a method used for portion size self-estimation, for example, photographs of various food serving sizes presented to respondents. Human memory and lack of attention introduce such errors as unintentional food omissions, which can contribute significantly to underreporting of dietary intake. ![]() Dietary assessment is especially difficult with certain population groups, for example, with people with reduced cognitive and memory abilities (eg, fading memory and reduced attention span). Īccording to Macdiarmid and Blundell, recalling intake even for the previous day is a challenging task for some individuals. The estimation error may, in part, be associated with recall bias because the accuracy of the 24-hour recall method relies on respondents being able to retain details about intake for a relatively long period. However, in a validation with adults aged 20 to 60 years, Lopes et al found the interviewer-led multiple-pass 24-hour recall method to underestimate habitual energy intake by 33% compared with energy expenditure measured using the gold standard method, doubly labeled water. ![]() One of the most widely adopted approaches is the multiple-pass 24-hour recall, which is considered to offer a favorable balance of those characteristics. A successful method is expected not only to be cost-effective and scalable and to estimate dietary intake with acceptable accuracy but also to impose a low subject burden to reduce the likelihood of participant attrition and misreporting because of reactivity bias (ie, changes in respondents’ eating behavior in response to the act of recording). ![]() There are different methods for assessing dietary intake of a population by either measuring markers of nutrient intake (eg, doubly labeled water for measuring energy expenditure) or surveying the intake of foods and drinks (eg, food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls). ![]()
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